Agenda [N.]

字義:
A list of items to be discussed at a meeting.
議程；會議的議程表。

There are many topics and subtopics to be discussed during a MUN conference. It is important to organize items into a list at the beginning. That is, we set the agenda for discussion on the issue. An agenda is not limited to usage of MUN. It is a must for meetings of any scope and background. A clear agenda helps people grasp the gist of what is about to be discussed and improves efficiency. Notice how we drew the agenda at the first slide in the powerpoint below:
模聯會議中有許多議題與子題。在會議的一開始就將所有問題組織排序是十分重要的，也就是先擬定好會議的議程。不單只模聯會議，各種大大小小不同的會議都仰賴議程讓與會人掌握會議的梗概，並提升開會效率。大家有注意到嗎? 我們做的這份簡報第一張投影片就放了議程囉!

WorldMUN2010, Taipei Intro (Mandarin Version)

例句:
What's on the agenda?
議程上排了些什麼?

I would like to put topic A first on the agenda.
我希望能將議題A排在議程最上方。

An agenda should be set for all meetings and presentations.
所有的會議及發表都應該設立議程。

I'm afraid there is a hidden agenda behind this new proposal.
我擔心這一項新提議背後有不可告人的目的。

Bloc [N.]

字義:

A group of countries that work closely together because they have similar political interests.

國家集團(政治利益一致的)；聯盟

Delegates often form blocs in a MUN conference. After everyone's general statement is heard, those with a similar interest will seek to work together. Delegates often write notes to countries of a similar interest or goal and support one another in their speeches. During recess it is not suprising to see a split of large blocs discussing in circles about their strategies. Forming blocs helps gain support from small or neutral countries. Allies are important on votes.

模聯會議中，代表們常常結盟形成所謂的國家集團。會議場上，當大家大致表態完，據有相同國家利益的代表們會尋求結盟合作。代表們常常利用傳紙條以及演說中口頭支持盟友；在休息時會場上人群分群聚集成小圈圈討論各自的策略是常見的事。結盟能夠吸引小國及中立國的靠攏，是爭取選票的重要方法。

例句:

Opposing blocs often struggle to convince one another of their points.

立場相牴觸的集團往往得費盡心思說服對方採用自己的意見。

Iceland's application to join the EU bloc has raised some concern among EU aspirants in southern Europe that it could leapfrog them to become the next EU member, slowing reforms and fuelling discontent with their accession processes.

渴望加入歐盟的南歐國家對於冰島加入歐盟的申請感到擔憂，擔心冰島的申請會排擠本國的申請而被優先通過，降低本國內部改革的動力。

The terms Eastern Bloc, Communist Bloc or Soviet Bloc were used to refer to the former Communist states of Eastern and Central Europe, including the countries of the Warsaw Pact, along with Yugoslavia and Albania, which were not aligned with the Soviet Union after 1948 and 1960 respectively. [quote]

"東方集團"、"共產集團"、"蘇聯集團" 等語皆指稱中歐及東歐地區前共產主義國家，包括華沙公約國家、1948年與蘇聯共線的南斯拉夫及遲至1960才與蘇聯同盟的阿爾巴尼亞。

Issue

字義:
[N.] An important topic that people are discussing or arguing about.
議題；爭論的問題
[V.] To make something known formally (officially)
宣佈；正式公布；發出

What do MUN delegates gather for? All of these country representatives assemble to discuss on international issues: MUNers do research, discuss and debate on pressing international issues and resolve to work out a Resolution. Materials and textbooks arrive at us at school after a long period of research, editing and publishing. We live in a rapidly changing world; we must engage ourselves into international affairs to keep up with its pace. This is what MUN seeks to do: to prepare students with a sense of global citizenship.
模聯各國代表湊在一塊討論些什麼呢? 當然是國際議題囉! 模聯的一大元素就是國際議題 - 我們查資料、討論、爭辯重大國際議題，嘗試寫出一份決議文。我們平日學習的教科書是歷經時間扁纂刊印的。世界是瞬息萬變的，我們要學習跟上世界的思維和腳步，多多關心國際時事。這就是模聯的目標之一: 培養世界公民的精神。

衍生:
major issue 主要議題
side issue 次要議題

例句:
In a MUN conference, delegates raise a controversial issue for debate and strive to resolve the problem.
代表們在模聯會議中會提起一個爭論性議題，然後辯論、奮力解決。

Don't confuse the issue.
不要模糊焦點。

"The media reports of Swine Flu seem to increase even as the issue of health care reforms seems to stay solidly on the front burner." [quote]
即使醫療保健改革的議題，關於新流感的媒體報導篇幅依然持續發燒。

"The World Health Organization (WHO) recently [issued] surveillance and status updates for regions where the pandemic H1N1 is just gaining a foothold, including the Mideast, Africa, and parts of Asia and the Pacific, which showed Southeast Asia as the hardest hit of those areas." [quote]
世界衛生組織最近向新流感新疫區(包括中東、非洲及部份亞太地區)公佈了監察報告及最新資訊。資料顯示東南亞地區受新流感威脅最深。

(photo link: [go])

Delegate

字義:
[N.] A person who is chosen or elected to represent the views of a group of people and vote and make decisions for them.
代表; 會議代表

[V.] To give part of your work, power or authority to somebody in a lower position than you.
授權; 委派(工作、權力等)

Students are randomly assigned a country to represent before a MUN conference. They are recognized as country delegates. Delegates must do research, debate and vote in the conference with other fellow delegates as if they were diplomats of the country they represent.
在一場模聯會議前，學生會被隨機分派做某一國家代表。在會議場上，學生們互稱對方"某國代表"。代表們必須事前研究，並以該國的立場思考、發聲及投票，彷彿外交官一般。

衍生:
Delegation [N] A group of people who represent the views of an organization or country.
代表團 (模聯會議常常由一位以上的學生組代表團參與)
eg. Single Delegate (單人代表)
eg. Double Delegate => A delegation (雙人代表組成的國家代表團)

例句:
The MUN conference was attended by delegates from 50 countries.
這場模聯會議共有50國代表參與。
I've been delegated to organize this blog.
我被選派來組織這個部落格。
The French delegation is in fierce debate with the delegate of USA.
法國代表團正和美國代表激辯中。

Perspective [N.]



字義:
A particular attitude towards something; a way of thinking of something;
The ability to think about problems and decisions in a reasonable way without exaggeration.
態度；觀點；客觀的判斷能力。

This word is one of the basic elements of MUN. Have you ever thought of why we chose to model "the UN?" Because the UN is a parliament of nations: hundreds of member states assemble to discuss on a pressing issue, each with its own interest and unique point of view. MUN seeks to cultivate the skill to penetrate through a web of conflicting interest and think independently. For students on the threshold to the complicated society, a sense of perspective is a must to survive.
這個字是模聯的根本元素之一。為什麼要模擬"聯合國"? 因為聯合國就像一個世界議會，上百國齊聚一堂探討一項重大議題，每一個國家都有各自的利益與獨特考量。模聯無非就是要訓練在複雜的利害關係中，客觀判斷的能力與思維。這是學生從個體步入複雜的社會中所必須具備的生存能力。

例句:
Krugman often views an issue from a historical perspective.
克魯曼先生常常用歷史的觀點看待問題。
MUN activities are aimed to provide students with a global perspective.
拓展學生的國際觀是模聯努力的目標。
Debating with others can often help to put your own problems into perspective.
和別人辯論往往有助於正視自己的問題。