Study Guide [N.]

字義:
A written document to facilitate learning and work preparation.
學習指南。

The goal of a MUN conference is to produce a document to solve the selected issue in your committee. Study Guides on the committee topics are released early before the MUN conference. They provide crucial information and guidance for delegation preparation ahead of the conference.
模聯會議的目標即是企圖擬出一份解決委員會議題的文件。會前釋出的會議指南則提供了相當重要的資訊和指引，供代表在會前做充分的準備。

These study guides follow a general structure:
世界模擬聯合國會議的會議指南通常遵循著下列架構:

• Opening Statement 開場前言
• Topic Area A 主題A
• Statement of the Problem 議題說明
• History and Discussion of the Problem 議題沿革及討論
• Past UN Actions 聯合國過去在此議題採取的行動
• Proposed Solutions 提議的解決之道
• Questions a Resolution Must Answer 決議文須回應的問題
• Bloc Positions 國家集團立場
• Suggestions for Research 深入閱讀研究指引

• Topic Area B 主題B
• Statement of the Problem
• ...

• Closing Statement 結語
• Endnote 附註
• Reference 參考資料

範例:
To give a few examples, below are some of the past WorldMUN Study Guides:
下面特別從往年世界模擬聯合國會議的會議指南中隨機挑選幾分做例子:
WorldMUN2009, Security Council, Study GuideA
WorldMUN2008, WTO, Study GuideA
WorldMUN2007, Historical General Assmebly, Study GuideA

Roll Call [N.]

字義:
The reading aloud of a list of names of people, as in a classroom or military post, to determine who is present or absent; a voting process, esp. in the U.S. Congress, in which legislators are called on by name and allowed either to cast their vote or to abstain.
點名; 點名表決

A Model UN conference begins with a roll call, during which staff of the Dais reads aloud the names of each member state in the committee. When a delegate's country's name is called, he or she may respond "present" or "present and voting." A delegate responding "present and voting" may not abstain on a substantive vote. Taking the roll call is important for calcuation of the required votes for different procedures.
模聯會議開始的第一件事便是代表的點名。點名時主席臺的人員會一一唱名，代表聽到自己的代表國名時必須回答"present"或"present and voting." 回答"present and voting"的代表在重大表決中並不能棄權。點名的一個重要意義在於計算每一種投票程序的通過門檻。

衍生:
"Roll" is an official list of names. There are many types of rolls:
"Roll"是點名冊的意思。不同的點名冊有不同的稱呼:
eg. employment roll 員工名冊
pay roll 薪水冊
honor roll 榮譽榜/陣亡將士名冊

例句:
The Chair made a roll call = The Chair called/took the roll.
主席點了名。

The delegate of Hungary was absent at the roll call.
匈牙利代表點名時缺席。

Let's talk about the "roll call voting" in another Word of the Day.
我們下次每日一字再說明"點名表決"。

Page [N.]

字義:
An attendant or employee, usually in uniform, who carries messages, ushers guests, runs errands, etc.; a person employed by a legislature to carry messages and run errands for the members, as in the U.S. Congress.
聽差；青年侍從；傳遞紙條侍從

During a MUN conference, pages(some call them "ushers") help pass messages between delegates within a committee, as well as send messages to delegates in other committees. As introduced in the previous word, delegates may ask pages to help pass notes to the dais to be put on the speaker's list. In the United Nations, this is especially helpful when a delegate in a committee wants to get information to their ambassador in the General Assembly regarding a resolution that is being sent to the Assembly for discussion.
在一場模聯會議中，pages(或稱"ushers")是穿梭於會議場中，幫忙傳遞代表們手中的紙條等訊息的工作人員。我們學到的錢一個單字例句中就曾介紹到，會議代表能夠透過page傳遞紙條給主席，將自己的代表國家入發言者名單中。在聯合國會議中，page是會場上國家代表與己國大使溝通的重要媒介，在討論已呈交的決議文時分外重要。

例句:

There are no direct dialogues in a MUN conference; pages(ushers) may help pass notes in between.

模聯會議中代表們是無法直接對談的，如此的談話內容可以請pages(ushers)協助傳遞紙條給欲交談的代表。

Pages also are responsible for sending the documents for print and distributing them to all delegates.

Pages也負責文件送印，以及將文件送達代表手中。

I beckoned for the page to pick up my note and pass it to the Delegate of Gambia.

我向page召手示意請他將我的紙條傳到甘比亞代表座位上。

Dais [N.]

字義:
A stage, especially at one end of a room, on which people stand to make speeches to an audience；the group of people, usually high school or college students, in charge of a Model UN committee.
講臺；高臺；臺上人員


Officially, the Dais is the table upfront behind which the Chair sits. Practically, the Dais denotes also the Chair and the staff of the Committee. Any concerns related to the proceedings of the Committee you may have, you should address to the Dais. Same goes for notes to the Chair, or resolutions/amendments you want approved.

Dais字義上即是主席前方的講臺或講桌。在模聯會議中，the Dais實際上也指稱主席本人及委員會全體行政人員。在會議中遇到任何困難，與會者都應向"講臺"上的主席和工作人員求助。傳紙條、呈遞草擬的決議文或修正案等文件，同樣需要the Dais的批准才有效力。


歷史: (貼自wikipedia)

"Historically, the dais was a part of the floor at the end of a medieval hall, raised a step above the rest of the room. On this the lord of the manor dined with his friends at the high table, apart from the retainers and servants. In medieval halls there was generally a deep recessed bay window at one or at each end of the dais, supposed to be for retirement or greater privacy than the open hall could afford."

Dais原是中世紀大廳，隆起於整層地板一處的臺階。中古時，dais上的貴桌為莊園主人與朋友共餐的地方，僕人等身分的人並不能在此處進餐。中世紀時，一般在dais兩端有由玻璃構成凸出於建築物的空間，提供在大廳的賓客休憩以及更隱密的談話空間。

例句:
At the beginning of the first committee session, the Dais will take roll.
在第一節會議的一開始，臺上的人員會點名。

Delegates may add their names on the speaker's list by sending a note to the Dais.
代表們可以透過傳紙條給臺上主席講自己的名字排入發言者名單中。

Placard [N.]






字義:
A large written or printed notice that is put in a public place or carried on a stick in a march.
標語牌；廣告牌

In MUN, rather than representing their homeland, delegates are assigned to represent a random country on the given issue. Everyone could be about just any country on the list. The placard is a piece of card with the assigned country's name on it that a delegate raises in the air to signal to the Chair that he or she wishes to speak.
模聯會議中，與會學生們並非模擬代表自己本國籍的外交官；你所代表的國家是針對議題隨機分配出來的。每個人被分派代表任一名冊上國家的機會是均等的。代表牌即是一張標示與會者所代表的國家牌，同時也是代表用以取得發言權的重要工具。

例句:
Those who wish to speak, please raise their placards.
欲發言者，請舉牌。

From the placard he holds, I can tell he is representing Brazil.
從他手中的代表牌可知他是本會議的巴西代表。

Please raise your placards high and clear when voting.
投票時請高舉你的代表牌。

Gavel [N.]

字義:
A small hammer used by a person in charge of a meeting or an auction, or by a judge in a court of law, in order to get people's attention.
會議主席、拍賣商或法官用的小槌

A gavel is a respected tool in a MUN conference. The little hammer, either made of vintage wood or modern plastic, has the greatest say in the conference. It is used by the Chair to call for order and make announcements. One of the most exciting moments of a conference is when the Chair officially announces the floor open or closed with a solemn bang.

Many conferences give the gavel used in a committee to the delegate recognized by the dais as the best in that committee; therefore, the term is frequently used to refer to the award given to the best delegate, even in cases where no actual gavel is given.

主席槌是模聯會議中相當敬重的物品。不論是傳統木製的或現代塑膠製成，主席槌的地位都是凌駕全場的。主席控制場面秩序和宣布消息時，都會伴隨使用主席槌。而模聯會議最令人期待一刻便是會議正式開始即結束時聽到的那一聲莊嚴的槌擊。

此外，各地眾多模聯會議中，許多會致贈偉員會中使用的槌子給表現最傑出的代表。因此即使並沒有真的贈送槌子，gavel一詞仍常用來指稱最佳代表的榮譽。

例句:
A chair orders the debating delegates to be silent, while banging a gavel.
主席敲下主席槌，要求代表們肅靜。

The gravel is a symbol of the authority and right to act officially in the capacity of a chair or presiding officer.
主席槌象徵著會議主席或代理主席的權威。

Floor [N.]

字義:
The part of a legislative chamber, meeting room, etc., where the members sit, and from which they speak; the right of one member to speak from such a place in preference to other members
(議會的)議員/代表席；會議上的發言權

The common meaning of the word "floor" is the surface of a room that we walk on. In a conference room, "the floor" means more than that layer of the building. In MUN, the floor is largely occupied by delegation seats and the podium where the Chair presides.
Having the floor all to yours is an expression of having the right to speak. Only one speaker may speak at a time, the rest quietly listening until his or her turn.
Floor這個字常用的意思是"地板"，在會議場上Floor還有另一層意義。在模聯會議中，場地近乎被代表席和主席台占據。因此"掌控地板"即是掌有引導會議的權利-發言的權利。會議場上每次只會有一位發言者，其餘與會者必須安靜聆聽，靜待發言結束才有機會"掌握到下一個發言權"。

例句:
The Chair now announces the floor officially open.
主席現在宣部會議正式開始，正式開放代表發言權。

I will now take questions from the floor.
現在我接受代表席上任何提問。

You may have the floor.
請發言。

The delegate of UK passed a note to ask the Chair for the floor.
英國代表傳紙條要求主席允許他發言。

Rules of Procedures(ROP) [N.]

字義：
Set of rules adopted by a meeting to govern the work and decision making of its formal settings.
議規；規範正式會議運作及決策的一套規定。

Every conference has its rules. MUN conferences that focus on international issues are no exception. In MUN, we abide by the Rules of Procedure(ROP), an adopted version of the Rules of Procedure the United Nations truly follows. These rules are self-sufficient, except for rules modified by the Secretariat or Chairs. No other rules are applicable. ROPs may slightly differ according to different customs, but they are all simple and clear. After an introduction to ROP prior to the event, you will see how such a set of rules benefits the large conference and keeps it in shape.
所有的會議都有規則，討論國際議題的模擬聯合國會議當然也不例外。模聯會議所使用的議規是仿照聯合國真正遵循的聯合國議規，略加修改的版本。模聯議規是相當完備的，除秘書處或主席有自身裁定權，會議不得與議規相抵觸或採行他法。不同國家採用的議規略有不同，但基本架構是同一套，簡單明瞭。經過會議前舉辦的ROP教學，你將發現龐大的會議如何受益於這一套規則，有秩序的運行。

例句：
I want to be a master of the Rules of Procedures.
我想成為議規大師。

The ROP covers all issues within a MUN conference, including the official language, rules governing debate and votes, courtesy, etc.
模聯議規涵蓋所以會議一切，舉凡會議使用的語言、發言的規矩、投票的規則、代表的言行舉止等等，都有清楚規範。

Social Event [N.]

(photo of WorldMUN2009, The Hague, link here)

(photo of WorldMUN2007, Switzerland)

字義：
An event of social entertainment, mostly at night; exciting activities where people gather and meet, often accompanied by music and dances and filled with laughter.
社交晚宴；人群聚集交流的精彩活動，常伴隨音樂、舞蹈及笑聲。

Social events are the important flavors of MUN. From the view of participating delegates, being bombarded with conference debates during the daytime, as is the case with real diplomats, delegates must to rest their mind at night. Social events well serve this need. At night, MUN delegates are given a taste of culture performances and decorations, delicate local cuisines, the smashing music and endless dances. Putting aside the serious issues, delegates meet fellow delegates, either allies or opponents, dressed up in the mood for entertainment. Through free talk and the exchanges of laughter, surprising undertable agreements absent in formal sessions can be easily reached. From the viewpoint of the Host Team, social events are the chances to showcase features of the Host City. In the case of WorldMUN2010, a series of events will be exquisitely designed to highlight Taipei, Taiwan.
社交晚宴在模聯會議佔有舉足輕重的地位。以代表的觀點來看，經歷一整天會議的疲累轟炸，一同外交官，代表們需要讓腦筋在晚上歇息片刻。社交活動正是他們所需 要的！代表們在整晚的社交晚宴活動中，享受異國風情、體驗地主城市的精緻美食、狂亂的音樂和無盡的舞蹈！撇開嚴肅的議題，代表們在晚上可以見到其他代表穿 著和早上完全不同的服飾，並且有著完全不同的舉止。不論早上會議中是敵是友，他們會一起舞動、一起笑鬧一起狂歡！除此之外，正式議程中無法達成的協議在輕 鬆的晚上活動中也常常能達成。從地主團隊的角度來看，社交晚宴活動是展示地主城市的時刻。2010年世界模擬聯合國會議合辦團隊將精心準備一系列活動，讓 夜晚的模聯，充滿台北之美!


例句：
What’s the social event for tonight?
今晚的社交晚宴活動是什麼？

Maybe we should talk to the delegate of Sweden at the social event tonight. The cheerful atmosphere might help us to persuade her.
也許我們應該在今晚的社交活動時跟瑞典代表談話。那令人愉快的氣氛也許會幫助我們說服她。

Best Delegate (BD) [N.]

字義:
A title for the outstanding delegates of a MUN conference.
最佳代表

The Diplomacy Award is awarded at the end of the MUN conference to outstanding delegates who have either contributed tremendously to conference documents or demonstrated a skill in directing the conference, establishing trust and prompting communication. A delegate as such is entitled "Best Delegate", or simply BD.
表現傑出的代表會在模聯會議結束時獲頒外交獎項。獲獎代表須對會議有卓越貢獻，或在會議中展現出類拔萃的領導才能及溝通技巧。表現傑出受肯定的代表被稱為"最佳代表"或簡稱"BD"。

例句:
Among the near 2,000 delegates, the two Taiwanese delegates shown in the picture above are on the list of Best Delegates in the WorldMUN2008, Puebla.
上圖中兩位台灣學生2008年世界模擬聯合國會議(墨西哥)近兩千名代表中獲"最佳代表"獎項。

The ultimate goal of many delegates in a MUN conference is to become a BD.
許多模聯學生代表的終極目標是成為一位"最佳代表"。

字義：
A period of time that is spent doing a particular actctivity; a formal meeting or series of meetings of a court of law, a parliament, etc.; a period of time when such meetings are held.
一場、一節；一段時間；(法庭、會議等的)會期。

MUN conferences are time consuming. Often the topic area of discussion is complicated and hard to solve or reach an agreement. For delegates to keep their minds sharp and clear, a MUN conference is divided into several sessions, each taking about three hours. One session can be seen as a time unit for a conference period. After continual sessions of discussion on the committee topic, delegates will have heard from all viewpoints the different dimensions of the issue. WorldMUN usually holds six sessions in each committee.
模聯會議是漫長的，因為討論的議題常常是複雜難以解決或是達成共識，也因此會議會持續一段相當長的時間。為了要讓與會代表們維持思緒敏銳和清晰，一個模聯會議通常會分成數節會期，而每一節大約三小時。一節可相當於模聯會議時間單位。代表們透過接連的會期討論、聽取各方見解，能夠更全面的檢視委員會議題全貌。世界模擬聯合國會議中，每個委員會通常排有六節會期。

衍生:
rap session [N.] 專題討論會
summer session [N.] 暑期班
plenary session [N.] 全體出席的會議

例句：
The next session will start at 14:00. If we want to have further discussion on the security problem before the session starts, we will have to finish our lunch before 13:00.
下一節會期14:00開始。如果我們想要在下一節前利用空檔更深入討論國家安全問題，我們就必須要在13:00以前吃完我們的午餐。

The COMEMUN program I participated in was made up of 4 three-hour sessions.
我之前參加的COMEMUN會議有4節會期，每節三小時。

When will the conference be in session?
模聯會議現正進行中。/ 會議何時開始?

The Security Council met in closed session.
安理會舉行了秘密會議。

Chair [N.]



字義:
The presiding officer of a meeting, organization, committee or event.
主席；主持一個會議、組織、委員會或是事件的官員。

Different voices easily heats up debate. Opinions in a MUN conference can be as diverse and piercing. Let alone by themselves, delegates representing different countries is very likely to yell at one another for different aspects of the issue, letting the conference out of control. Therefore, a Chairperson (Chair), along with one or more Assistant Chairs sits in front and take full control of MUN conferences. The Chair is authorized to keep the whole committee in order, with help from Assistant Chairs.
歧見易紛爭，在模聯會議中更是如此。一個沒有主席的會議常常一片混亂，因為每個不同國家代表會對同一個議題有不一樣的看法，甚而極有可能會在激動的時候對對方大吼。因此，在所有的模聯會議中，都會有一個主席和一個或以上的副主席。主席被授權負責維持整個委員會的秩序，而副主席的職責則是協助主席。

例句：
"Honorable Chair and my distinguished fellow delegates, the delegate of Mexico believes that the proposal made by delegate of Burkina Faso is reasonable enough and worth discussing. Thank you, Chair" the delegate stated at the beginning of his speech.
"尊貴的主席和我傑出的與會代表同事們，墨西哥的代表相信，由布吉納法索代表所提出的提議案是相當合理的且值得討論的。謝謝你，主席" 墨西哥代表一開始陳述著。

"The Chair now announces the floor officially open" is a common statement a Chair uses to begin a conference.
"主席現在宣布正式開放發言權"是模聯會議主席常採用的開場句。

Impromptu [Adj.]

字義:
Done without preparation or planning.
即席的；即興的；無準備的

Though delegates prepare hard before a MUN conference, you never know what is about to happen. You might have a good guess of what others have in mind on the issue, still the flow of discussion steers away easily to an unforeseen zone. Facing unexpected questions and situations, MUNers must react on the spot. Impromptu speech takes place most of the time and is a challenging yet rewarding skill. Distinguished delegates are often those apt in giving impromptu responses.
會議前模聯人總是奮力的備齊各種資料，但會議現場是很難捉摸的。即使你能夠大略揣測各國的立場、對議題的敏態度，準備的資料派不上用場、需要的資訊手無寸鐵是常有的事情。面臨始料未及的問題及會意走向，模聯人必須當機立斷，即刻反應。擅於即席的演說是模聯會議很重要的一環，是一項相得值得投資學習的挑戰。傑出的模聯代表往往是臨場反應快又精準的人。

例句:
He is a master at the craft of impromptu speeches.
他是即席演講達人。

Obama gave an impromptu press conference.
歐巴馬臨時舉行記者招待會。

Agenda [N.]

字義:
A list of items to be discussed at a meeting.
議程；會議的議程表。

There are many topics and subtopics to be discussed during a MUN conference. It is important to organize items into a list at the beginning. That is, we set the agenda for discussion on the issue. An agenda is not limited to usage of MUN. It is a must for meetings of any scope and background. A clear agenda helps people grasp the gist of what is about to be discussed and improves efficiency. Notice how we drew the agenda at the first slide in the powerpoint below:
模聯會議中有許多議題與子題。在會議的一開始就將所有問題組織排序是十分重要的，也就是先擬定好會議的議程。不單只模聯會議，各種大大小小不同的會議都仰賴議程讓與會人掌握會議的梗概，並提升開會效率。大家有注意到嗎? 我們做的這份簡報第一張投影片就放了議程囉!

WorldMUN2010, Taipei Intro (Mandarin Version)

例句:
What's on the agenda?
議程上排了些什麼?

I would like to put topic A first on the agenda.
我希望能將議題A排在議程最上方。

An agenda should be set for all meetings and presentations.
所有的會議及發表都應該設立議程。

I'm afraid there is a hidden agenda behind this new proposal.
我擔心這一項新提議背後有不可告人的目的。

Bloc [N.]

字義:

A group of countries that work closely together because they have similar political interests.

國家集團(政治利益一致的)；聯盟

Delegates often form blocs in a MUN conference. After everyone's general statement is heard, those with a similar interest will seek to work together. Delegates often write notes to countries of a similar interest or goal and support one another in their speeches. During recess it is not suprising to see a split of large blocs discussing in circles about their strategies. Forming blocs helps gain support from small or neutral countries. Allies are important on votes.

模聯會議中，代表們常常結盟形成所謂的國家集團。會議場上，當大家大致表態完，據有相同國家利益的代表們會尋求結盟合作。代表們常常利用傳紙條以及演說中口頭支持盟友；在休息時會場上人群分群聚集成小圈圈討論各自的策略是常見的事。結盟能夠吸引小國及中立國的靠攏，是爭取選票的重要方法。

例句:

Opposing blocs often struggle to convince one another of their points.

立場相牴觸的集團往往得費盡心思說服對方採用自己的意見。

Iceland's application to join the EU bloc has raised some concern among EU aspirants in southern Europe that it could leapfrog them to become the next EU member, slowing reforms and fuelling discontent with their accession processes.

渴望加入歐盟的南歐國家對於冰島加入歐盟的申請感到擔憂，擔心冰島的申請會排擠本國的申請而被優先通過，降低本國內部改革的動力。

The terms Eastern Bloc, Communist Bloc or Soviet Bloc were used to refer to the former Communist states of Eastern and Central Europe, including the countries of the Warsaw Pact, along with Yugoslavia and Albania, which were not aligned with the Soviet Union after 1948 and 1960 respectively. [quote]

"東方集團"、"共產集團"、"蘇聯集團" 等語皆指稱中歐及東歐地區前共產主義國家，包括華沙公約國家、1948年與蘇聯共線的南斯拉夫及遲至1960才與蘇聯同盟的阿爾巴尼亞。

Issue

字義:
[N.] An important topic that people are discussing or arguing about.
議題；爭論的問題
[V.] To make something known formally (officially)
宣佈；正式公布；發出

What do MUN delegates gather for? All of these country representatives assemble to discuss on international issues: MUNers do research, discuss and debate on pressing international issues and resolve to work out a Resolution. Materials and textbooks arrive at us at school after a long period of research, editing and publishing. We live in a rapidly changing world; we must engage ourselves into international affairs to keep up with its pace. This is what MUN seeks to do: to prepare students with a sense of global citizenship.
模聯各國代表湊在一塊討論些什麼呢? 當然是國際議題囉! 模聯的一大元素就是國際議題 - 我們查資料、討論、爭辯重大國際議題，嘗試寫出一份決議文。我們平日學習的教科書是歷經時間扁纂刊印的。世界是瞬息萬變的，我們要學習跟上世界的思維和腳步，多多關心國際時事。這就是模聯的目標之一: 培養世界公民的精神。

衍生:
major issue 主要議題
side issue 次要議題

例句:
In a MUN conference, delegates raise a controversial issue for debate and strive to resolve the problem.
代表們在模聯會議中會提起一個爭論性議題，然後辯論、奮力解決。

Don't confuse the issue.
不要模糊焦點。

"The media reports of Swine Flu seem to increase even as the issue of health care reforms seems to stay solidly on the front burner." [quote]
即使醫療保健改革的議題，關於新流感的媒體報導篇幅依然持續發燒。

"The World Health Organization (WHO) recently [issued] surveillance and status updates for regions where the pandemic H1N1 is just gaining a foothold, including the Mideast, Africa, and parts of Asia and the Pacific, which showed Southeast Asia as the hardest hit of those areas." [quote]
世界衛生組織最近向新流感新疫區(包括中東、非洲及部份亞太地區)公佈了監察報告及最新資訊。資料顯示東南亞地區受新流感威脅最深。

(photo link: [go])

Delegate

字義:
[N.] A person who is chosen or elected to represent the views of a group of people and vote and make decisions for them.
代表; 會議代表

[V.] To give part of your work, power or authority to somebody in a lower position than you.
授權; 委派(工作、權力等)

Students are randomly assigned a country to represent before a MUN conference. They are recognized as country delegates. Delegates must do research, debate and vote in the conference with other fellow delegates as if they were diplomats of the country they represent.
在一場模聯會議前，學生會被隨機分派做某一國家代表。在會議場上，學生們互稱對方"某國代表"。代表們必須事前研究，並以該國的立場思考、發聲及投票，彷彿外交官一般。

衍生:
Delegation [N] A group of people who represent the views of an organization or country.
代表團 (模聯會議常常由一位以上的學生組代表團參與)
eg. Single Delegate (單人代表)
eg. Double Delegate => A delegation (雙人代表組成的國家代表團)

例句:
The MUN conference was attended by delegates from 50 countries.
這場模聯會議共有50國代表參與。
I've been delegated to organize this blog.
我被選派來組織這個部落格。
The French delegation is in fierce debate with the delegate of USA.
法國代表團正和美國代表激辯中。

Perspective [N.]



字義:
A particular attitude towards something; a way of thinking of something;
The ability to think about problems and decisions in a reasonable way without exaggeration.
態度；觀點；客觀的判斷能力。

This word is one of the basic elements of MUN. Have you ever thought of why we chose to model "the UN?" Because the UN is a parliament of nations: hundreds of member states assemble to discuss on a pressing issue, each with its own interest and unique point of view. MUN seeks to cultivate the skill to penetrate through a web of conflicting interest and think independently. For students on the threshold to the complicated society, a sense of perspective is a must to survive.
這個字是模聯的根本元素之一。為什麼要模擬"聯合國"? 因為聯合國就像一個世界議會，上百國齊聚一堂探討一項重大議題，每一個國家都有各自的利益與獨特考量。模聯無非就是要訓練在複雜的利害關係中，客觀判斷的能力與思維。這是學生從個體步入複雜的社會中所必須具備的生存能力。

例句:
Krugman often views an issue from a historical perspective.
克魯曼先生常常用歷史的觀點看待問題。
MUN activities are aimed to provide students with a global perspective.
拓展學生的國際觀是模聯努力的目標。
Debating with others can often help to put your own problems into perspective.
和別人辯論往往有助於正視自己的問題。

MUN = Model United Nations [N.]

字義:
A simulation of the United Nations Conferences. Model United Nations is commonly known as "Model UN" or simply "MUN." It gives students a chance to step into the shoes of diplomats and discuss on hotly debated global issues. Students not only share creative thoughts during the day, but also experience culture-oriented social events at night. MUN is highly popular around the world.
"模擬聯合國會議"簡稱"Model UN"或"MUN"，是一個風行的學生活動。學生在MUN會議中代表聯合國會員國與其他學生激辯國際熱門議題。除了白天學術創意思考的交流，參與MUN的學生也熱愛晚上的社交文化活動，體驗外交官的生活。

衍生:
MUNer [N.] 模聯人，參與模聯活動的人。

例句:
This is my first MUN experience.
這是我第一次參與模擬聯合國會議。
MUN is popular at high school and university levels around the world.
模擬聯合國會議在各地高中及大學都相當風行。
Follow our steps and have fun as a MUNer as we do!
跟著我們的腳步，和我們一同分享模聯人的樂趣吧!

Photo1: From a MUN Conference

Photo2: The United Nations Building